静电是一种处于静止状态的电荷。在干燥和多风的秋天，在日常生活中，人们常常会碰到这种现象：晚上脱衣服睡觉时，黑暗中常听到噼啪的声响，而且伴有蓝光；见面握手时，手指刚一接触到对方，会突然感到指尖针刺般刺痛，令人大惊失色；早上起来梳头时，头发会经常“飘”起来，越理越乱；拉门把手、开水龙头时都会“触电”，时常发出“啪、啪、啪”的声响，这就是发生在人体的静电。
Static electricity is a static charge. In the dry and windy autumn, in daily life, people often encounter the phenomenon: undress to sleep at night, often heard crackling sound in the dark, but with blue light; meet to shake hands, fingers touch each other, suddenly feel a finger acupuncture stabbing pain, a morning hair be frightened and change color; often, the hair will "float" up badly; the door handle, open the faucet will often issue a "electric shock", "Pa, PA, Pa" sound, this is what happened in the static electricity of the human body.
所谓静电，就是一种处于静止状态的电荷或者说不流动的电荷（流动的电荷就形成了电流）。当电荷聚集在某个物体上或表面时就形成了静电，而电荷分为正电荷和负电荷两种，也就是说静电现象也分为两种即正静电和负静电。当正电荷聚集在某个物体上时就形成了正静电，当负电荷聚集在某个物体上时就形成了负静电，但无论是正静电还是负静电，当带静电物体接触零电位物体（接地物体）或与其有电位差的物体时都会发生电荷转移，就是我们日常见到火花放电现象。例如北方冬天天气干燥，人体容易带上静电，当接触他人或金属导电体时就会出现放电现象。人会有触电的针刺感，夜间能看到火花，这是化纤衣物与人体摩擦人体带上正静电的原因。（有基本物理知识我们就知道橡胶棒与毛皮摩擦，橡胶棒带负电，毛皮带正电）。
The so-called electrostatic, is a stationary state of charge, or non flowing charge (flow of the charge to form the current). When the charge is concentrated on an object or surface, it forms static electricity, and the charge is divided into two kinds of positive charge and negative charge, that is to say, electrostatic phenomenon can be divided into two kinds: positive static electricity and negative static electricity. When the positive charge accumulation in an object is formed is static, when the negative charge accumulates on an object on the formation of the negative electrostatic, but whether it is positive or negative electrostatic electrostatic, when static object contact zero potential objects (ground objects) or with a potential difference of objects will be the charge transfer occurs, is our daily to see the spark discharge. For example, in northern winter, the weather is dry, the body is easy to bring static electricity, when contact with others or metal conductive body, there will be discharge phenomenon. People will have the sense of electric shock acupuncture, can see sparks at night, this is the chemical fiber clothing and human body friction, the body with positive electrostatic reasons. (with basic knowledge of physics, we know that rubber sticks and fur are rubbed, rubber rods are negatively charged, and fur is positively charged).
静电并不是静止的电，是宏观上暂时停留在某处的电。人在地毯或沙发上立起时，人体电压也可高1万多伏，而橡胶和塑料薄膜行业的静电更是可高达10多万伏。
Static electricity is not static electricity, it is the electricity that stays temporarily on the macroscopic spot. When standing on the carpet or sofa, the body voltage can also be more than 10 thousand volts, and the static electricity of rubber and plastic film industry can be as high as about 100000 volts.
物质都是由分子构成，分子是由原子构成，原子由带负电荷的电子和带正电荷的质子构成。在正常状况下，一个原子的质子数与电子数量相同，正负平衡，所以对外表现出不带电的现象。但是电子环绕于原子核周围，一经外力即脱离轨道，离开原来的原子A而侵入其他的原子B，A原子因减少电子数而带有正电现象，称为阳离子;B原子因增加电子数而呈带负电现象，称为阴离子。造成不平衡电子分布的原因即是电子受外力而脱离轨道，这个外力包含各种能量(如动能、位能、热能、化学能等)在日常生活中，任何两个不同材质的物体接触后再分离，即可产生静电。当两个不同的物体相互接触时就会使得一个物体失去一些电荷如电子转移到另一个物体使其带正电，而另一个物体得到一些剩余电子的物体而带负电。
Matter is made up of molecules, molecules are made of atoms, atoms are made of negatively charged electrons and protons with positive charges. Under normal conditions, the number of protons of an atom is the same as the number of electrons, positive and negative balance, so the external phenomenon shows the phenomenon of non charged. But the electronic around the nucleus, a force from the track, leaving the original atom A invaded other atoms B and A atoms by reducing the number of electrons and charged with a phenomenon called cation; B atoms due to an increase in the number of electrons and a negatively charged phenomenon called anion. The imbalance caused by the reasons for electronic distribution that is subject to external forces from the electron orbit, the force includes a variety of energy (such as kinetic energy, potential energy, energy, chemical energy etc.) in daily life, any two objects of different material contact after the separation, can produce static electricity. When two different objects contact each other, an object loses some electric charge, such as the electron transfer to another object to make it positively charged, while the other object gets some residual electrons with negative charges.
静电产生过程
Electrostatic generation process
若在分离的过程中电荷难以中和，电荷就会积累使物体带上静电。所以物体与其它物体接触后分离就会带上静电。通常在从一个物体上剥离一张塑料薄膜时就是一种典型的“接触分离”起电，在日常生活中脱衣服产生的静电也是“接触分离”起电。固体、液体甚至气体都会因接触分离而带上静电。这是因为气体也是由分子、原子组成，当空气流动时分子、原子也会发生“接触分离”而起电。我们都知道摩擦起电而很少听说接触起电。实质上摩擦起电是一种接触又分离的造成正负电荷不平衡的过程。摩擦是一个不断接触与分离的过程。因此摩擦起电实质上是接触分离起电。在日常生活，各类物体都可能由于移动或摩擦而产生静电。另一种常见的起电是感应起电。当带电物体接近不带电物体时会在不带电的导体的两端分别感应出负电和正电。
If the charge is difficult to neutralize in the process of separation, the charge will accumulate to bring the object into static electricity. So when objects contact with other objects, they separate and carry static electricity. Usually, when a plastic film is peeled off from an object, it is a typical "contact separation" electrification. In daily life, the static electricity produced by undressing is also "contact separation" electrification. Solid, liquid, and even gas will carry static electricity due to contact separation. This is because the gas is also composed of molecules, atoms, when the air flows, molecules and atoms will also "contact separation" and electrification. We all know that friction is electrification and seldom heard of electrification. In essence, friction electrification is a process of contact and separation, resulting in the imbalance of positive and negative charges. Friction is a process of constant contact and separation. Therefore, friction electrification is essentially contact separation and electrification. In daily life, all kinds of objects may generate static electricity due to moving or rubbing. Another common kind of electrification is inductive electrification. When a charged object approaches an uncharged object, the negative and positive charges are induced at both ends of an uncharged conductor.