静电植绒加工方法
Processing method of electrostatic flocking
根据绒毛飞扬方向的不同，植绒加工可分为下降法、上升法、横向飞跃法和向上向下飞跃法。国内植绒加工设备中80%以上采用下降法，故以下降法为例说明其工作原理。如图1 所示，上极板是一块板型金属网框，下极板是一块金属平板托架，上面铺有网印有胶粘剂的待植绒基布，上、下两块极板分别用导线连接在高压静电发生器上的正、负输出端。料斗中的绒毛，由于供毛轴的旋转，落到金属网负极上。因绒毛在降落过程中与负极接触而带电，导致部分地按电场方向排列。同时绒毛在电场中发生极化，与负极极性相同的电荷集中在远离负极的一端，而正电荷却集中在靠近负极的一端。当绒毛与负极接触 时，由于电极的电导率比绒毛高，会在纤维中产生导电电流，绒毛会产生负静电荷，使绒毛在电场中具有很大的伸直度和飞翔性，以较高的速度垂直下落到网印有胶粘剂图案的基布上，形成精美的绒面图文。在静电植绒加工中，绒毛除了因接触而带电外，又因进入电场受到极化作用而带电，保证了绒毛向正极板方向运动，促使绒毛在均匀电场中不停地转动，使得绒毛直立于基布表面而不会平躺在上面。
According to the different flying directions of fluff, flocking processing can be divided into descending method, ascending method, transverse leap method and upward and downward leaping method. More than 80% of domestic flocking processing equipment adopts the descending method, so the following descending method is taken as an example to illustrate its working principle. As shown in Fig. 1, the upper plate is a plate type metal mesh frame, and the lower plate is a metal plate bracket, which is paved with a cloth to be flocked with adhesive on the screen. The upper and lower plates are respectively connected to the positive and negative output terminals of the high-voltage electrostatic generator with wires. The fluff in the hopper falls on the negative pole of the metal mesh due to the rotation of the feeding shaft. Because the fluff contacts with the negative electrode during the falling process, it is electrified, resulting in partial arrangement in the direction of electric field. At the same time, the villi are polarized in the electric field, and the charges with the same polarity as the negative pole are concentrated at the end far away from the negative pole, while the positive charge is concentrated at the end close to the negative pole. When the pile is in contact with the negative electrode, because the conductivity of the electrode is higher than that of the pile, the conductive current will be generated in the fiber, and the pile will generate negative static charge, which makes the pile have a great straightness and flying ability in the electric field, and drop vertically to the base cloth with adhesive pattern on the net at a high speed, forming a beautiful pile picture and text. In the process of electrostatic flocking, the fluff is charged not only because of contact, but also because it enters into the electric field and is polarized, which ensures that the pile moves towards the positive plate, and makes the pile rotate continuously in the uniform electric field, so that the pile is upright on the surface of the base cloth instead of lying on the surface.